, but this code // executes before the first paint, when

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is not yet present. The // classes are added to so styling immediately reflects the current // toolbar state. The classes are removed after the toolbar completes // initialization. const classesToAdd = ['toolbar-loading', 'toolbar-anti-flicker']; if (toolbarState) { const { orientation, hasActiveTab, isFixed, activeTray, activeTabId, isOriented, userButtonMinWidth } = toolbarState; classesToAdd.push( orientation ? `toolbar-` + orientation + `` : 'toolbar-horizontal', ); if (hasActiveTab !== false) { classesToAdd.push('toolbar-tray-open'); } if (isFixed) { classesToAdd.push('toolbar-fixed'); } if (isOriented) { classesToAdd.push('toolbar-oriented'); } if (activeTray) { // These styles are added so the active tab/tray styles are present // immediately instead of "flickering" on as the toolbar initializes. In // instances where a tray is lazy loaded, these styles facilitate the // lazy loaded tray appearing gracefully and without reflow. const styleContent = ` .toolbar-loading #` + activeTabId + ` { background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25) 20%, transparent 200%); } .toolbar-loading #` + activeTabId + `-tray { display: block; box-shadow: -1px 0 5px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 33%); border-right: 1px solid #aaa; background-color: #f5f5f5; z-index: 0; } .toolbar-loading.toolbar-vertical.toolbar-tray-open #` + activeTabId + `-tray { width: 15rem; height: 100vh; } .toolbar-loading.toolbar-horizontal :not(#` + activeTray + `) > .toolbar-lining {opacity: 0}`; const style = document.createElement('style'); style.textContent = styleContent; style.setAttribute('data-toolbar-anti-flicker-loading', true); document.querySelector('head').appendChild(style); if (userButtonMinWidth) { const userButtonStyle = document.createElement('style'); userButtonStyle.textContent = `#toolbar-item-user {min-width: ` + userButtonMinWidth +`px;}` document.querySelector('head').appendChild(userButtonStyle); } } } document.querySelector('html').classList.add(...classesToAdd); })(); Josh Reeves Lecture, Chance: A Short Theological History: Mon, Sep 15 2025, 3:30 - 5:30pm | 麻豆区

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Josh Reeves Lecture, Chance: A Short Theological History

  • Mon, Sep 15, 2025
  • 3:30 pm–5:30 pm

Chapel Sanctuary

Josh Reeves

Dr. Josh Reeves, director of the Center for Science and Religion at Samford University, will present a lecture sponsored by the de Vries Institute: 鈥淐hance: A Theological History.鈥

 

Chance events once carried spiritual significance in the Christian tradition. Across biblical and church history, believers interpreted seemingly random outcomes to discern God鈥檚 will. Old-Testament priests cast Urim and Thummim (Exod. 28:30) to decide when to wage war or expose hidden sin, and New-Testament apostles cast lots to replace Judas (Acts 1:26), trusting God to guide the choice. Today, by contrast, flipping a coin normally feels mundane rather than spiritually significant.

 

This talk describes how and why chance has mostly lost its religious importance, while also describing the perpetual theological questions raised by chance for theories of providence. Join us on Calvin鈥檚 campus or via livestream on September 15 at 4:00 p.m. EDT.

 

Sponsored by the De Vries Institute for Global Faculty Development; the 麻豆区 departments of Biology, Historical Studies, Mathematics and Statistics, Philosophy, Physics and Astronomy, and Religion; and the West Michigan chapter of the American Scientific Affiliation

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